How Does Harper Lee Present Racial Issues During the 1930s...

Harper lee has presented racism in the novel ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ by describing how blacks live and are treated harshly. The court case of Tom Robinson, which is the main part of the story is a metaphor that Harper Lee has created of the situation in the 1960 s. Things were not stable at the time and Tom s case is just one example of the racial discrimination the blacks were facing during this time. The racial tension in the 1930s was so serious that even when blacks did do well, they were still mocked. An example is when Aunt Alexandra said, â€Å"Jem s growing up now and you are too. We decided that it would be best for you to have some feminine influence.† Calpurnia was a female however Aunt Alexandra still over-looked this, because†¦show more content†¦African Americans were the primary target of most racist acts in the 1930s. Blacks suffered harsher conditions and were forced off their lands and farms. Robert Ewell is one of the worst racists who abuses everything about the blacks and what they own. He explains how worthless they are when he says Tom Robinson: â€Å"lived down yonder in that nigger-nest.† This shows how Blacks were seen as inferior and substandard compared to the whites of Maycomb. The whites who have their minds set about colour of the skin is destroying people’s relations and causing the situation and political stability to w orsen. Furthermore, the whites compare the black area as a nest showing how immoral they are and how low they put the blacks. Racism portrayed in the novel can also draw out the worst in many, while it can also bring out the darkness in people’s hearts. As Atticus states: â€Å"a place where a man ought to get a square deal is in a courtroom, be he any colour of the rainbow. People have a way of carrying their resentments right into a jury box.† The quote clearly explains that even the justice system was influenced by racial discrimination in the 1930s even if it was breaking the law. The concept of racism is further explored when part of the town acts unfriendly towards Atticus, because he defended Tom. Atticus is seen as a â€Å"nigger – lovin’ bastard† by the

Socialism, Polarization And Obama Care - 873 Words

Socialism, polarization and Obama care: Mr. Danish D’Souza bias. There are many documentaries about America, one particular documentary has been written by Mr. Dinesh D’Souza, and it is called: â€Å"America: Imagine the World Without Her.† His inclination in favor of conservative sparks a variety of opinions in America society that shows indignity in some people and empathy in others, although, when it comes to income inequality, there is a discrepancy between American Citizens and his bias against Obama, misleading the Affordable care plan. It is clear that Mr. Danish D’Souza bias is against the government in the documentary â€Å"America Imagine the World Without Her.† First he argues that any successful business owner that makes four times as much as the average person employee will pay four times as much in taxes. Furthermore, he linked Saul Alinsky with President Barack Obama in regard of the â€Å"Obama Care plan.† He mentioned Saul Alinsky strategies â€Å"Polarization, Demonization, and Deception,† and pointed out that Obama Care is a masterpiece of extortion and distortion; to be specific, he added â€Å"Obama gives the impression that he is colluding with us against the insurance companies, but in reality, he is colluding with the insurance companies against us.† From the idea that we must feel proud to be Americans and feel no guilty for what we have done, built, and created as a country to turn into controversial assertions previously stated above, could create a sort ofShow MoreRelatedWorld War II to the Gulf War by Stephen E. Ambrose1667 Words   |  7 Pagesheaded America from its neutralist disposition of the first 50% of the nineteenth century to its position of worldwide power and inevitability today. The essential reason for the worlds significant issues today (from the American perspective), socialism, the Arab-Israeli clash, and third-world improvement, are followed from World War II and clarified as they relate to Americas remote arrangements and abroad exercises. This volume lays the foundation in the spectators brain to comprehension cuttingRead MoreThe Failing Discourse of the US Government Essay2496 Words   |  10 Pageshis or her time studying an issue carefully, and make a decision that will benefit his or her constituent s. Compromise is a great asset to democracy, but some deals can hinder the progression of good ideas. This is extremely prevalent in the health care and abortion debates. Right wing politicians often call the left socialist, while the left says that the right is in the pocket of the insurance agencies. Whether these allegations are true or not, this type of mudslinging deflates the citizenry’s

Occupational Health and Safety Safety & Health Practitioner

Question: Describe about the Occupational health and safety for Safety Health Practitioner? Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to return to the health and safety lessons learned and give a brief idea about the risks associated with the confined spaces. This report highlights the risk assessment measures that the supervisors and the management of Assignment Games Pty should included in the job or procedure to stop comparable accidents later on. According to Assignment Games Pty Westbound Weigh Bridge is the confined space. Also, individuals can be truly harmed from different risks found inside confined spaces (Veasey, 2006). Thus, the purpose of this report is to audit the Westbound Weigh Bridge. This purpose of the audit report would help the management of Assignment Games Pty to understand their risks management structures related to confined space. It also helps to draw up some plans for making corrective actions. This report gives some conceivable suggestions to redress the existing issues and concerns with additional proposals. Scope According to the Occupational Health and Safety Amendment Regulations 2014(Worksafe.vic.gov.au, 2014) prevention of any accident or safety risks and makes the essential courses of action to evade any injuries, occurring amid the working hours (Confined Spaces).Therefore, based on this concept the scope of the report is to manage risks associated with the confined space of Assignment Games Pty and create awareness about the code of practices related to confined space that will help the organization to relate to most activities that obligate area into a confined space of a Weigh Bridge. Here, the confined space of Assignment Games Pty will beanalysed based on the criteria of confined space and analyse the safety precautions undertaken by the organization to give a safe field to the labourers and additionally the contractors of AGwho are working at the Weigh Bridge.Safe work and Risk Controls Processes for hazardous activities may be fulfilled and filed/executed in different way(Summati on of the Frequency, Severity, and Primary Causative Factors Associated with Injuries and Fatalities Involving Confined Spaces in Agriculture, 2013). This report audits the safety procedures, documents and other programs that AG is following currently and observes the strengths and weakness of their overall safety process related to confined space. Then based on the observation an audit opinion is written to help the organization to take corrective actions. Thus the scope of this assignment is: Definition of confined space and criteria Hazards of Weigh Bridge and procedures used by AG Responsibilities undertaken Unauthorized entry obligations Risk assessment procedures Safety management procedures Protocol This audit report is focused on helping businesses and labourers lessen misfortunes through working environment harm by giving quality data and assets to the Assignment Games Pty identified with Westbound Weigh Bridge limited space. Since the audit reviews all the safety activities of the Weigh Bridge, the audit of the Weigh Bridge will be conducted according to the standards and guidelines and regulations of the pre-described meaning of the confined space(Spear, 2005). The audit criteria are based on Australian Standard Safe working in a confined space. The audit methodology incorporated, determines the activities audit planning, approbation, and undertaking checking requirements of Code of Practice (Santia, 2014). The audit finding mainly follows the code of practice under section 274 of the Work Health and Safety (National Uniform Legislation) Act 2011 (WHS Act) regulations. It applies the jurisdiction in relation to work carried out in a confined space by AS2865-2009. An inspector may refer to an approved code of practice when issuing an improvement. The audit information provided in the report provides a practical guidance on how to meet the WHS regulations related to confined space (Safeworkaustralia.gov.au, 2015). Discussion of findings Definition The word confined space generally means any area involving tank, vessel, vat, silo, container, cellar, compartment, chamber, well, flue, sewer, pipe, trench, bund or other comparable confined space which, by righteousness of its encased nature makes conditions which offer climb to a probability of mischance injury, harm or accident, of such a nature as to oblige crisis activity because of the vicinity or sensibly predictable vicinity of (safeworkaustralia.gov.au, 2011): combustible or riskiest environments, destructive gas, smoke or vapour, free streaming robust or an expanding level of fluid, abundance of oxygen, unreasonably elevated temperature the need or sensibly predictable need of oxygen The reason behind that a Weigh Bridge is considered to be a confined space because as defined confined space is some space that is sufficiently extensive to enter, that has a limited system for moving out, and that is not proposed for determined worker inhabitancy(Riaz et al., 2014).Additionally, Weigh Bridge also meets the following criteria (Robson and Toscano, 2007): The space is generously enclosed. There is a risk of no less than one type of hazard, recorded in the definition above, happening inside the space. There is a risk of genuine damage by virtue of the enclosed nature of the space. Audit findings Hazards of Weigh Bridge (Confined Space): The health and safety documents demonstrated by Assignment Games Pty ensure that no hazards happen while working on Westbound Weigh Bridge (oshc.org.hk, 2001). The Assignment Games safety officers and managers have implemented few procedures while working on Weigh Bridge. The procedures mainly focuses on working on road and barricading and is mainly applies to Assignment Games (AG) employees and AG contractors working(McManus, 1999). Working on road- The safety procedures described by AG for working on roads are well structured. The document includes the definition related to traffic controls and also process of handling the road related work. The safety weigh bridge equipments are mentioned properly to mitigate accidents. The AG plan also includes a five standard traffic control options namely: Intermittent Works, Near Traffic, Closed lane, Closed Traffic and Closed traffic with detour. These traffic controls helps the AG employees and the contractors to eliminate exposure to various TCAWS hazards. The purpose of this safety document was to make sure that road user and AG employees and contractors are not harmed when work exercises are needed at or close streets. Routine exercises may be attempted as per this methodology yet any velocity limitations and activity control likewise require an Authority To Work(ATW) before the movement initiates(safeworkaustralia.gov.au, 2014) Barricading: This safety procedure is mainly to protect staff being presented to perils from live weigh bridge equipments and plant. This Procedure ought to be read in conjunction with SP05 Isolating of Plant and SP17 Working On or Near Roads. This It was found that the barricading procedure of AG do not cover working at or near streets, live equipmentor risks on plant and supplies that requires permanent guarding(from the giving document). AG mainly documents the issues of barricade and also uses three different unique signs(source: taken from the give documents of AG); Caution Flag: A unique flag to be utilized with a blockade where alert is needed before entering. (source: taken from the give documents of AG) Warning Tag: A unique yellow tag to be utilized to label Isolators, blockades and weigh bridge equipments. (source: taken from the give documents of AG) RiskFlag: A unique banner to be utilized with a blockade where no unapproved entrance is allowed. (source: taken from the give documents of AG) Responsibilities AG has not mentioned any specific responsible person for monitoring the health and safety systems. AG expects that it is the responsibility of the employees and the self-employed individuals for doing or actualizing the important wellbeing and safety measures to guarantee safe working inside a confined space as permits (Martin, Lippitt and Webb, 2000): AG management in appreciation of work completed by their own particular representatives and work did by whatever other individual as the work is to any degree in the control of executives and (Keller, 2010) The independently employed in appreciation they could call their own work and did by whatever other individual insofar as that work is to any degree underneath the power of the independently employed individual (hsa.ie, n.d.) Where work control is imparted between the executives or independently employed, those executives or independently employed must communicate and collaborate with one another to concur their particular obligations in guaranteeing the security of any individual entering a bound space. Liaison and collaboration is additionally obliged when (Jo and Park, 2004): Identifying the potential risks furthermore surveying the risks. Mounting and executing a safe framework for entering and working in a confined space. Creating appropriate and adequate game plans for the salvage of persons in the occasion of a crisis. At the point when captivating AG Contractors who might encompass power over any degree of work in confined space, the supervisor or independently employed will require making all important moves to guarantee that the AG Contractors are skilful for the work included. AG employees and contractors must co-work with their AG management, considering data, preparing and guideline got, to empower the AG management actualize a safe arrangement of work and execute successful crisis plans to guarantee secure working in confined spaces(hcpc-uk.org, 2014). AG employees and contractors should likewise make fitting utilization of any weigh bridge equipments gave counting individual defensive weigh bridge equipments supplied by their AG management, where needed as a major aspect of the safe arrangement of work, for instance, utilization of wellbeing saddles, respiratory protective equipment (RPE) and reflective attire(Harris, 2002). Prevention of Unauthorized Entry According to AG health and safety documents, nobody should enter or be obliged to go into a confined space to complete work for any reason except it is not sensibly feasible to accomplish that reason devoid of allowing toward the inside the confined space (Fishwick, 2012). Suppliers and manufacturers of weigh bridge equipments as well as planners, architects and engineers ought to expect to wipe out the requirement for people to go into a confined space. This may be attained to by introducing in-situ inspecting devices, set up cleaned frameworks, openings and/or consolidating a framework for destroying the plant or weigh bridge equipments (Firl, 2007). AG, employees and the contractors in control to any degree of a working environment must take sensible actions to guarantee that unapproved entrance into a limited space to that working environment is anticipated. Measures may incorporate instruction of the labour force on the risks of restricted spaces, putting of caution signs at entrance focuses and successful manage of visitors, AG contractors and others in the working environment. Sensible safekeeping measures may be important to anticipate illegal passage (Davies, 2011). According to the Entry Authorization and control of AG, apart from PUP paint no other chemical agents will be taken to the confined space. Personnel entering the confined space must use the protective equipments like hearing protectors, protective clothing, feet protection, eye protectors, safety belt, rescue line or safety line. AG ensures that barricading and TCAWS isolation procedures are used to reduce accidents while working in Weigh Bridge. For maintaining precautions in Hot work, mainly three things are observed (Davies, 2011): Welding machine is earthed in a straight line to equipment that is welded close to the welding point as possible Proper fire extinguishers are used on site near ignition The area is properly cleaned and is free of all combustible material till 15 metres Further, in order to make sure no harm occurs due to excess of deficiency of few gases in atmosphere, a threshold limit has be followed by AG like : Oxygen: 19.5 %min-23.5 % max CO: 30 ppm max H2S: 10 ppm max SO2: 2 ppm max LEL: 5% max However, it is atmosphere reading recorded using the CS-R-US hire model and observed that in each 30mins the oxygen level reached upto- 21%, LEL- 2%-2.1%, CO-12 ppm, H2S-8ppm and SO2- 1.1-1.2ppm. This shows that AG has been properly maintaining the threshold limit of the necessary gases in the working environment. Additionally, a Confined Space First Aid and Rescue Checklist, a confined space log taking a statement of standby person is been used effectively. Risk Assessment Before doing work which includes section into a confined space, a risk appraisal (directed as per section 19 of the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 (No. 10 of 2005)) is important to figure out what actions should be taken to guarantee the security furthermore soundness of those going in and working under the confined space. The motivation behind the risk appraisal is to distinguish the significant perils and plan a safe framework of work. It will likewise focus the crisis game plans, which must be set up before entrance. This risks assessment is utilized in combination with the following: Confined Space Procedure (SP 06) Confined Space Identification Log (SAForm 12) Risk Assessment Calculator (SAForm 19) Hazard Identification and Control Procedure (SP 04) Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control Oxygen Deficiency High Focusing on ventilation specifically blower and also emphasizing on the entry procedure of confined space Oxygen Depleting Reactions High Same as above Explosive atmosphere Moderate Continual Monitoring and stopping painting Atmospheric Hazards while painting or due to paint fumes Low Wearing a PPE can keep paint off. Other Hazards like Traffic High TCAWS Procedure SP17, Risk Barricade area, lane closed signage, park workshop truck in the approach to Weigh Bridge Some of the other risks has also been analysed like hazards related to asbestos for which the risk can be controlled by cleaning the pit and replacing them. However, it has been done only once that is last year. Further, to access the confined space, the AG had placed the strong fixed ladders, to prevent accident like falling from height. AG had mainly focused on controlling the risk in this space by using cramped and hot under bridge, repairing the steelwork and welding, using jacks for lifting the Weigh Bridge and also the AG workers need to carry their load cells. Different risks controlled mechanism is being used by the organization like communication, monitoring and testing the atmosphere and also lightening process. Safety Management Whenever it is insensibly practicable to stay away from going inside a confined space to attempt work, a safe arrangement of work have to be conceived and utilized. A working safety system is a forbidden and considered method for doing work that diminishes the safety risks. It sets out the work to be carried out and the safeguards to be taken (Confined Space Manure Storage and Facilities Safety Assessment, 2014). AG uses few elements to follow the precautions of safe work related to confined space like: Training, suitability and Supervision: Training in AG involves demonstrates related to the confined space and also practical activities. Somewhere practice is given as a component of the training, also imperative that it is put into practice is sensible in replicating the real situations that are probable to be experienced. Personnel going inside a confined space to complete work is completely educated and have a complete comprehension of the potential risks that the work involves Authority- to- work procedure: AG also uses the permit-to-work procedure to co-ordinate and control distinctive exercises and people. For Instance, it is obliged when completing work in the confined space that is the weigh bridge, where control of detachment of equipment or plant is in the hands of somebody who is not in immediate contact with the person(s) entering(California targets confined space safety, 2012) Communication: A powerful and reliable method for communicating between people surrounded by the confined space and those outer is picked as a crucial safety measure. Speech, hand signals and telephone is mainly used by the AG employees and the AG contractors to communicate rapidly, easily and unambiguously with the relevant person in the confined space. Testing and monitoring of environment: AG also follows effectively the monitoring and testing the environment to check the quality of air before entering the confined space. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): The PPE chosen by the AG employees and contractors makes sure that it is suitable for the reason for which it is utilized. This implies that the equipment gives successful assurance to the user for the characterized function and in the determined working surroundings. It is given by the accountable individual and great utilization is made of it by those going inside and operating in the confined space (Brown, 2013). Audit Protocol The audit protocol given below is a safety infection checklist designed according to the Standard of AS2865-2009, to evaluate the Weighbridge safety environment. This protocol need to be revised according to the needs of the organization. This protocol assesses the risks involved in considering the Weighbridge confined space. What could happen if somebody is exposed to the Weighbridge risks. There are various factors that the protocol considers: conditions of entry and exit, atmospheric level measures, authority to permit, etc. Questions Yes No Comment Have the Weighbridge been defined as confined space according to AS2865-2009 Yes It is defined as the large enough space and configured that a personnel can perform assigned task but not designated for continuous occupancy. Are the barricade signs posted? Yes three different signs have been used Caution Flag, Warning Tag and Danger Flag Risk of confined space was assessed? What all is included in confined space risk assessment? Yes Identification of hazard in Weighbridge is done and also hazard related to task being conducted in weighbridge is assessed. Isolation points have been included. Further emergency response plan is developed and also control measures have been undertaken. Did AG controlled the risk? How AG employees controlled the risks associated with confined space? Yes by using cramped and hot under bridge, repairing the steelwork and welding, using jacks for lifting the Weigh Bridge and also the AG workers need to carry their load cells Is the weighbridge confined space sufficiently isolated? Yes It was barricaded properly with danger signs and TCAWS isolation procedures are used to reduce accidents Was the atmosphere in the confined space tested properly Yes In the event that representatives will be utilizing oxygen-expending gear such as salamanders, lights, heaters, and so forth., in a confined space, is sufficient air gave to guarantee burning without diminishing the oxygen convergence of the environment between 19.5 percent - 23.5 percent by volume? Yes It was 21% Is essential personal protection equipment (PPE) accessible? Yes Has essential lighting equipment been given? No No Information Available Has equipment like ladder, safety glasses etc been given to authorized entrants? Yes They have to enter the confined space with these equipments to maintain safety. Is emergency and rescue services equipments accessible? Yes It is placed at the entrance and exit of the confined space. At the point when testing for atmospheric risks, has oxygen been tried for first, then flammable gasses and vapours, and afterward dangerous gasses and vapours? Yes First the oxygen then the other gases as shown in report Is training related to safety management given to the employees getting into the confined space Yes complete work is informed and trained about potential risks Before entrance operations start, has the section supervisor recognized on the permit signed to authorize entry? Yes two attendants are stationed outside permit spaces. Has the completed permit been set aside a few minutes of entry to all authorized personnel, by being posted at the section entryway, or by any other similarly viable means, so contestants can affirm that pre-entrance arrangements have been finished? No Is safety responsible team or responsibility been defined properly? No AG expects that it is the responsibility of the employees and the self-employed individuals for doing or actualizing the important wellbeing and safety measures to guarantee safe working inside a confined space as permits Is safety related to working on roads documented properly? Yes The document includes the definition related to traffic controls and also process of handling the road related work. Are precautions maintained in Hot work? Yes Welding machine is earthed in a straight line to equipment that is welded close to the welding point as possible, Proper fire extinguishers are used on site near ignition, The area is properly cleaned and is free of all combustible material till 15 metres Audit Opinion AG has an extensive suite of procedures and policies identifying with health and safety, which incorporates descriptions of roles and responsibilities for AG employees and contractors. This policies and procedures follows the jurisdiction in relation to work carried out in a confined space by AS2865-2009. All the employees are working according to the policies and procedures. It is clear that the Weighbridge is a confined space. All polices and systems are accessible on the intranet for staff to access. An annual review of risk assessment takes place properly in the organization. However, from the audit, it is observed that first aid details are not placed properly. Further, there is no information related to health and safety in extranet that would help to improve the environment. Additionally, according to the safety policy, there should be one safety committee, the AG do not operate such committee. Conclusions and Recommendations This report has highlighted on the fact that it is important to take some preventive steps to help the employees to be aware of the risk associated with the working environment they are working in and also how to mitigate those risks to prevent accidents. Working at confined spaces is extremely hazardous. Taking into the current situation of measure extension, one needs to work with most extreme consideration. Additionally one ought to dependably be there to distinguish the risks quickly and begin evaluating the risks before holding up for any reviews to occur, most of the time the evaluated risk is prior and with no reviews to happen. Additionally, here the risk evaluated, were given the Safe work in Confined Spaces Regulations 2001- Approved Code of Practice, Regulations and Guidance. Therefore, based on the overall audit report, it is recommended that: AG should establish a team of atleast 5people from different departments for conducting safety internal audit. This ensures objectivity and neutrality. Through this process, AG can make sure that all their safety program materials are up-to date. Further, every quarterly, some surveys should be conducted related to health and safety from the employees, to understand what are the safety issues they are facing or might face while working and how to mitigate those issues. The Safety Policy ought to be upgraded with the concurred reporting furthermore audit process. An Annual Report on Health and Security matters ought to be delivered furthermore evaluated by Members. Regularly such reports give subtle element of existing strategy structures counting audit/redesign, operation of the security administration framework, synopsis of occurrences, and so forth. AG ought to return to the alleviating controls for Risk to guarantee these stay proper to deal with this risk also roll out improvements as needed. This ought to incorporate guaranteeing important wellbeing and security substance ought to be included on the extranet. References Brown, D. (2013). Safety in confined spaces is a state of mind. The Safety Health Practitioner, 31(10), p.2. California targets confined space safety. (2012). Industrial Safety Hygiene News, 46(5), p.16. Confined Space Manure Storage and Facilities Safety Assessment. (2014). Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, pp.199-210. Confined space safety. (2013). Industrial Safety Hygiene News, 47(9), p.67. Davies, A. (2011). Health and Safety, Premises and Environment Handbook 2012. Kogan Page. Davies, A. (2011). Workplace law handbook 2012. London: Kogan Page. Firl, C. (2007). The ins and outs of Confined Space Safety. ISHN, 41(12), p.27. Fishwick, T. (2012). Recurring accidents: confined spaces. [online] icheme.org. Available at: https://www.icheme.org/sitecore/shell/Controls/Rich%20Text%20Editor/~/media/Documents/TCE/lessons-learned-pdfs/854fishwick.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Harris, M. (2002). Welding health and safety. AIHA. hcpc-uk.org, (2014). Internal Audit Report Health and Safety. [online] Available at: https://www.hcpc-uk.org/assets/documents/1000451DEnc11-HealthandSafetyInternalAuditReport.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. hsa.ie, (n.d.). Code of Practice for Working in Confined Spaces. [online] Available at: https://www.hsa.ie/eng/Publications_and_Forms/Publications/Codes_of_Practice/COP_Confined_Space_Document.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Jo, Y. and Park, K. (2004). Minimum amount of flammable gas for explosion within a confined space. Process Safety Progress, 23(4), pp.321-329. Keller, J. (2010). OSHA Construction Safety Health Compliance Manual. Neenah: J.J. Keller Associates. Martin, W., Lippitt, J. and Webb, P. (2000). Hazardous waste handbook for health and safety. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. McManus, N. (1999). Safety and health in confined spaces. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers. oshc.org.hk, (2001). Working in confined spaces. [online] Available at: https://www.oshc.org.hk/others/bookshelf/CB985E.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Riaz, Z., Arslan, M., Kiani, A. and Azhar, S. (2014). CoSMoS: A BIM and wireless sensor based integrated solution for worker safety in confined spaces. Automation in Construction, 45, pp.96-106. Robson, M. and Toscano, W. (2007). Risk assessment for environmental health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. safeworkaustralia.gov.au, (2011). Work Health and Safety Management Systems in Mining Draft Code of Practice. [online] Available at: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/SWA/model-whs-laws/public-comment/Documents/Mining%20Public%20Comment%202011/Draft%20Model%20Codes%20of%20Practice%20for%20Public%20Comment/WHSManagementSystemsInMining.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. safeworkaustralia.gov.au, (2014). CONFINED SPACES Code of Practice. [online] Available at: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/SWA/about/Publications/Documents/634/Confined_SpacesV2.pdf [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Santia, (2014). Confined Spaces. [online] exorms.co.uk. Available at: https://exorms.co.uk/getattachment/Services/Guidance-notes/Confined-Spaces-Guidance-Note-SA-GN-5-(V1)-Jan-2014.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Spear, J. (2005). Confined Space Entry: A Review of Confined Space Standards Applicable to Contractors. The Synergist, 16(3), p.35. Summation of the Frequency, Severity, and Primary Causative Factors Associated with Injuries and Fatalities Involving Confined Spaces in Agriculture. (2013). Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, pp.83-100. Taylor, J. (2010). Safety culture. Aldershot: Gower Pub. Veasey, D. (2006). Confined space entry and emergency response. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience. Worksafe.vic.gov.au, (2014). OHS Amendment Regulations 2014. [online] Available at: https://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/laws-and-regulations/occupational-health-and-safety/ohs-amendment-regulations-2014 [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015].

Should Patients with High Blood Pressure Take Drugs

Table of Contents Treating Different Levels of High Blood Pressure Advantages of Drug Use Risks of Taking Drugs Alternative Treatments Conclusion Works Cited According to Dishman (201), high blood pressure (or hypertension) is increasingly becoming a major health problem. According to recent estimates, one in every three Americans suffer from high blood pressure (Dishman (201). Compared to teenagers and children, the incidence of high blood pressure among adults is relatively high.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Should Patients with High Blood Pressure Take Drugs? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Globally, estimates show that more than 25% of the world population suffers from hypertension. This percentage amounts to about one billion people living with hypertension around the world. Cumulatively, more than 70 million Americans suffer from high blood pressure (Dishman 202). Many people perceive high blood pressure to be a â€Å"silent killer† because it is often undetected. However, the main challenge for managing the disease lies in its treatment. For example, many medical experts are undecided regarding the use of drug treatment for high blood pressure. Rhoden (185) warns patients suffering from mild high blood pressure against the risk of developing severe hypertension when they take over the counter (OTC) drugs. However, some medical experts approve the use of drugs for the management of the disease because drugs offer immense opportunities for decreasing blood pressure. Indeed, proponents of drug treatment cite the importance of drugs in managing blood pressure as a management tool for the disease (Lenzer 7). Their contribution considers situations when a lifestyle change is impossible to achieve. This paper investigates the truth behind both arguments (for and against drug use) and ends by stating if patients suffering from high blood pressure should take drugs or not. However, first, an explanation for the treatment options for mild and severe high blood pressure provides the framework the understanding of this paper’s findings. Treating Different Levels of High Blood Pressure The dilemma witnessed in medicating high blood pressure patients has been mirrored in research studies done by the widely respected, Cochrane Collaboration (Lenzer 3). However, these studies hinge their outcomes on understanding the distinction between â€Å"mild† high blood pressure and â€Å"high† high blood pressure.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lanier explains this distinction by stating that â€Å"A reading below 120/80 is considered normal, below 95/60 is considered low blood pressure and higher than 140/90 is considered high blood pressure, or hypertension† (Lanier 4). Lenzer (7) explains that there is a wide discrepa ncy between the effectiveness of drugs used to treat â€Å"mild† forms of hypertension and severe forms of hypertension. His findings revealed a high unresponsiveness to drugs for patients suffering from mild forms of hypertension. In fact, the studies show a poor response to drug treatment for patients suffering from â€Å"mild† high blood pressure because their risk of stroke, heart disease, and death (which are often associated with severe forms of high blood pressure) are constant, despite the treatment (Lenzer 7). The above research has faulted previous studies, which have promoted the use of drugs for patients with hypertension by citing their weakness in bundling all forms of hypertension into one group. In other words, Lenzer (8) proposes a difference in the effect of drug treatment for patients suffering from mild and extreme forms of hypertension (older research studies proposed a general positive effect for drug treatment on patients with hypertension, witho ut considering the distinction between mild and severe forms of hypertension). Lenzer (10) also warns against the possibility of a â€Å"disease creep† if patients suffering from mild forms of high blood pressure subject themselves to drug treatments (a â€Å"disease creep† occurs when patients suffering from a mild disease subject themselves to a treatment plan designed to treat an extreme form of the disease). Nonetheless, drug treatments for patients with severe high blood pressure are successful and efficient. However, this outcome is best realized when multiple drugs are used (but even in such circumstances, more harm than good occurs because of the side effects of using multiple drugs). Overall, drug treatments for patients suffering from mild hypertension only poses a strong profit potential for drug companies (by increasing the number of patients depending on the drugs) but it does little to improve the overall well-being of the patients. Advantages of Drug Use This paper already highlights the negative side effects of drug use for patients with high blood pressure. However, according to Rhoden (177), drug use helps to reduce high blood pressure.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Should Patients with High Blood Pressure Take Drugs? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He highlights the reduction in blood pressure (by opening and widening the blood vessels to allow for more blood flow) as one benefit of drugs in reducing blood pressure (Rhoden 178). Indeed, part of the reason for increased high blood pressure is the narrowing of blood vessels, which occurs from several factors (including too much fat deposits in the blood). Another way drugs reduce blood pressure is by preventing the blood vessels from narrowing so that they remain wide enough to allow for sufficient blood flow (Rhoden 178). Rhoden (178) does not elaborate how drugs achieve such an outcome, but he c ouples this advantage with the ability of drugs to reduce the heart’s workload. This effect is normally more efficient for patients who develop high blood pressure from obesity and related complications. Rhoden (179) explains that regular drug use solves this problem because it reduces the heart workload. Finally, Rhoden (271) explains that drugs help reduce blood pressure by reducing the volume of fluids in the blood. Through a reduction in fluid volume, the blood pressure reduces. Risks of Taking Drugs Drug treatment methods for high blood pressure group under different levels of medications. However, the most commonly known type of drug medication for hypertension is diuretic drugs (American Heart Association 1). One disadvantage of using this type of drug is the reduction in potassium levels. However, the American Heart Association (1) proposes supplementary potassium intake as a remedy for potassium loss. Nonetheless, many patients fail to realize that their drug intake reduces their potassium levels and therefore, they fail to supplement their potassium levels (American Heart Association 1). Albeit uncommon, reports of patients suffering from gout after they have experienced prolonged exposure to diuretic drugs exist. This side effect exposes the danger of drug use for patients with high blood pressure but it barely highlights the risk patients suffering from both high blood pressure and diabetes experience when they use diuretic drugs. The American Heart Association (1) explains that diabetic patients who use diuretic drugs suffer increased sugar levels when they use the drugs for a long time. However, to remedy increased blood sugar levels, the American Heart Association proposes, â€Å"a change in medication, diet, insulin or oral anti-diabetic dosage† (1).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another side effect for hypertension patients who use diuretic drugs (to treat the condition) lie in the increased chances of impotency that diuretic drugs pose. This side effect rarely occurs but it still adds to the dangers hypertension patients risk when they take drugs. In an unrelated context, Griffin (1) reports that some types of OTC drugs (such as nosteroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs) may have a severe impact on the wellbeing of patients suffering from high blood pressure. This risk is especially profound when the drugs contain ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, and ketoprofen compounds (because these compounds have serious side effects on the patients) (Griffin 1). However, certain painkillers are considered to have fewer side effects and therefore, they are not considered to be highly dangerous for patients suffering from high blood pressure. For example, acetaminophen (an active ingredient in painkilling drugs) has few side effects for patients with high blood pressure (Griff in 1). In other words, this compound does not raise the blood pressure. Nonetheless, regardless of the absence of significant side effects for a specific group of drugs, they still have their own side effects (which do not directly relate to the management of high blood pressure). Therefore, from this understanding, Griffin (1) cautions patients with high blood pressure from taking prescription drugs for more than ten days. The potential danger of drugs to inhibit blood flow to the kidney is one effect that manifests as a major concern for patients with high blood pressure (the inhibited blood flow to the kidney slows the functions of the kidneys) (Griffin 1). Therefore, instead of the kidneys filtering blood more efficiently, it is slow to achieve this purpose (consequently, many fluids increase in the blood and the blood pressure increases) (American Heart Association 1). The increased high blood pressure is especially worse for patients who suffer from some form of heart complica tion. Research has proved that when prescription drug use is common, there may be a potential complete damage to the kidneys (Griffin 1). This risk begs the question regarding what patients with high blood pressure should do when they have another discomfort (like a headache or a cold). To answer this question, Griffin (1) suggests that safe drugs (like asprin) are safe to medicate such patients. Alternative Treatments Since many drug treatment methods have side effects, doctors who have warned against the effects of drug treatment, propose the adoption of alternative treatment methods. This section of the paper concentrates on explaining five alternative treatment methods, proposed by Mayo Clinic (1) to be extremely effective in reducing high blood pressure. One alternative treatment is reducing the body weight and watching the waistline. The effectiveness of reducing body weight traces its roots from the relation between body weight and blood pressure. Mayo Clinic (1) confirms tha t there is a positive relation between high blood pressure and excessive body weight. From this relationship, Mayo Clinic (1) proves that reducing even ten pounds of body weight is likely to have a positive impact on blood pressure reduction. Finally, Mayo Clinic (1) explains that body weight reduction also improves the efficiency of drug treatment. Another alternative treatment for high blood pressure is regular exercising. Regular exercising has enormous benefits. In fact, Mayo Clinic (3) recommends patients to exercise for an hour (everyday) to reduce their blood pressure by about four to nine millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Observing regular exercise is also one way patients with mild high blood pressure can reduce their risk of developing severe high blood pressure (Divine 74). Divine (74) however warn patients against doing strenuous exercises (say, twice a week) to compensate for other days of the week. Eating a healthy diet is also another medication-free treatment that has a positive effect on reducing blood pressure. Like exercising, eating a healthy diet not only has a positive effect on reducing blood pressure but also on improving the overall health of the patients. However (concentrating on high blood pressure), it is important to highlight that eating a lot of grains, fruits, vegetables and low-cholesterol foods can reduce the blood pressure significantly (by about 14 mm Hg) (Mayo Clinic 3). This treatment plan defines the dietary approach to blood pressure reduction. Reducing sodium in the diet is also another treatment plan that has a high efficacy when treating high blood pressure. Indeed, high sodium levels are associated with high blood pressure because even slight reductions of sodium in the diet have a two to eight mm Hg reduction in blood pressure (the recommended level of sodium consumption should be limited to 2,300 milligrams every day) (Mayo Clinic 3). Lastly, Mayo Clinic (3) advises patients suffering from high blood pressure (and a re alcohol consumers) to reduce their alcohol consumption as a strategy to reduce their blood pressure. However, alcohol consumption is a dicey issue for patients with high blood pressure because Mayo Clinic (3) posits that small amounts of alcohol consumption can lower the blood pressure by about two to four mm Hg (this benefit is lost during excessive consumption of alcohol). Therefore, it is advisable to limit alcohol consumption to small volumes. Comprehensively, the above medication-free treatment methods help to treat high blood pressure without experiencing the negative effects of drugs. Conclusion After weighing the benefits and side effects of drug use, there is a clear divide between the pros and cons of drug use for patients who have a high blood pressure. However, since not all drugs have a negative (or severe) impact on patients with high blood pressure, there is a need to distinguish â€Å"dangerous† and â€Å"safe† drugs. It is therefore improper to stat e broadly that high blood pressure patients should not take drugs. Indeed this paper shows that some drugs can be beneficial to the patients and ongoing research shows the ability of drugs to lower blood pressure by widening blood veins, reducing fluid volume, and reducing heart workload (as some of the benefits for drug use among patients with hypertension). Nonetheless, these treatment methods are incomparable to the benefits enjoyed by medication-free treatment methods (alternative treatment methods). These alternative treatment methods do not only have a positive impact on the reduction of blood pressure but they also have a broad and positive impact on the patients’ health. Furthermore, these treatment methods constitute precautionary measures to prevent the occurrence of high blood pressure (and most importantly prevent the worsening of mild hypertension to severe hypertension). Therefore, the adoption of alternative treatment provides a way for patients with â€Å"mil d† high blood pressure can prevent the development of â€Å"high† high blood pressure. Comprehensively, drug treatment for patients suffering from high blood pressure is not entirely bad if safe drugs are used, but overall, it is advisable for patients to use alternative treatment options to avoid any possibility of suffering from the severe impacts of drug use. Works Cited American Heart Association 2012, Types of Blood Pressure Medications. Web. Dishman, Rod. Physical Activity Epidemiology, Illinois: Human Kinetics, 2012. Print. Divine, Jon. Action Plan for High Blood Pressure, Illinois: Human Kinetics, 2005. Print. Griffin, Morgan 2012, High Blood Pressure: Everyday Pain Relief. Web. Lanier, Jennifer 2012, Difference Between High Low Blood Pressure. Web. Lenzer, Jeanne 2012, Have Mild Hypertension? You may not need drugs. Web. Mayo Clinic 2012, 10 Ways to Control High Blood Pressure without Medication. Web. Rhoden, Chad. Bringing Down High Blood Pressure, London, UK : Government Institutes, 2010. Print. This research paper on Should Patients with High Blood Pressure Take Drugs? was written and submitted by user Randy Dillard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Then

Page after page I am reminded how little human nature has changed throughout the centuries. The quest for â€Å"greatness†, wealth, and spiritual fulfillment still plagues present day earth as it did thousands of years ago. The fall of the Roman Empire had many contributing factors. The most harmful toxin perhaps, being the lack of productivity among the city dwellers. The plebeians, or farmer peasants, were the hardest workers and the least rewarded. They produced the welfare food for the Romans and paid higher taxes, which, in turn, caused much resentment or even abandonment of the land. Farmers were not well protected from barbarians. Sometimes they appeared to be relieved when raided because the looters did not tax. Disease was another wrecking ball in the Empires wall. Malaria and small pox spread rapidly through the country devouring lives and hopes. People seemed to be lazy and self absorbed, yet worried about the future. Jesus Christ was a prophet who brought hope and mental peace for all. He encouraged people to love their neighbors unconditionally, forgive all trespasses, and be content. He had two principal commandments: above all love God with all ones heart, soul, and mind and love all people as oneself. Eternal life in paradise was the reward to those who believed Jesus was the Son of God and followed his commandments. The Emperor Constantine was a cornerstone in the construction of the early Churches. He granted tolerance of Christianity and the freedom to practice any religion after conquering the emperor Maxentius and becoming ruler. Legend has it, he had a dream the night before his victory of a flaming cross, and heard the sentence, â€Å"In this sign you will conquer.† The next morning he painted the first two letters of Jesus Christ’s name on his men’s armor, shields, and flags. He also convened the first councils concerned with matters of faith. This helped to pave the road to the deve... Free Essays on Then Free Essays on Then Page after page I am reminded how little human nature has changed throughout the centuries. The quest for â€Å"greatness†, wealth, and spiritual fulfillment still plagues present day earth as it did thousands of years ago. The fall of the Roman Empire had many contributing factors. The most harmful toxin perhaps, being the lack of productivity among the city dwellers. The plebeians, or farmer peasants, were the hardest workers and the least rewarded. They produced the welfare food for the Romans and paid higher taxes, which, in turn, caused much resentment or even abandonment of the land. Farmers were not well protected from barbarians. Sometimes they appeared to be relieved when raided because the looters did not tax. Disease was another wrecking ball in the Empires wall. Malaria and small pox spread rapidly through the country devouring lives and hopes. People seemed to be lazy and self absorbed, yet worried about the future. Jesus Christ was a prophet who brought hope and mental peace for all. He encouraged people to love their neighbors unconditionally, forgive all trespasses, and be content. He had two principal commandments: above all love God with all ones heart, soul, and mind and love all people as oneself. Eternal life in paradise was the reward to those who believed Jesus was the Son of God and followed his commandments. The Emperor Constantine was a cornerstone in the construction of the early Churches. He granted tolerance of Christianity and the freedom to practice any religion after conquering the emperor Maxentius and becoming ruler. Legend has it, he had a dream the night before his victory of a flaming cross, and heard the sentence, â€Å"In this sign you will conquer.† The next morning he painted the first two letters of Jesus Christ’s name on his men’s armor, shields, and flags. He also convened the first councils concerned with matters of faith. This helped to pave the road to the deve...

I shall obey, my Lord Essays

I shall obey, my Lord Essays I shall obey, my Lord Paper I shall obey, my Lord Paper An exploration of Shakespeares portrayal of women in Hamlet Although not as fully realised as the main male characters, the female characters in Hamlet play an absolutely crucial part in developing the deep running themes in the play, and prompting fundamental questions about human psychology for the audience. Hamlets relationships with the two women in the play are complicated and turbulent. The cold rejection of Hamlet by his childhood love, Ophelia, and the disloyalty and gross, publicised sexual activity of his over-sensual mother, conspire to produce misogynous feeling in Hamlet. Hamlet often expresses his thoughts and feelings, conscious and unconscious, through imagery. In Act II scene ii, he describes fortune as a strumpet, or whore. This comment hints at his misogyny, but these feelings can perhaps be best illustrated by his exasperated cry, Frailty, thy name is woman. The female characters in the play can be interpreted as either manipulative, using those around them to gain for themselves, or manipulated, being pushed around by those in more powerful positions. Certainly in a patriarchal society like the one described in Hamlet, (or indeed the society in which Shakespeare lived), women had very little independent power, and therefore had no choice but to use the men around them if they wanted any influence whatsoever. Perhaps Gertrudes relationship with Claudius is an example of this. Ophelia seems to be a submissive, weak character who has retained a childlike innocence and naivety; Polonius calls her a green girl, (where green means inexperienced and immature). She demonstrates what an Elizabethan audience would have deemed an admirable loyalty to her father, Polonius, whose thumb she is well and truly under. She is very much influenced by him, and also by her brother Laertes, indeed, at their wishes, she spurns Hamlet, showing a distinct lack of loyalty to her lover, and little of the passion or determination of a Juliet. Ophelia has relied on men for guidance since the death of her mother when she was an infant, and in the absence of the three dominant men in her life, (Hamlet in England, Laertes in France and Polonius dead), Ophelia is lost. This combined with her guilt at rejecting Hamlet, which she sees as the direct cause of his insanity, and the subsequent death of her father, causes her to become insane also. As Anne Barton puts it, in William Shakespeare Four Tragedies, Ophelia doesnt commit suicide; when she accidentally falls into the stream she simply yields to the current as she always has done in life. This epitomises Ophelias primarily submissive temperament. It could be argued that Ophelia in fact plays the part of manipulator, as opposed to the manipulated. Perhaps she rejects Hamlet to please her father, but with a selfish motive, to further her own cause in some way. In Act III scene i, she joins the plot to discover the cause of Hamlets madness, and in doing so deceives him, saying that her father is at home, when in fact he is hidden behind the arras, eavesdropping on the conversation. It could also be argued that Ophelia did in fact commit suicide, as a last act of attempted revenge on Hamlet for withdrawing his love from her. Whether or not she is manipulative, she seems impassionate in her love towards Hamlet. She heeds her father and brother and fails to fight for her relationship with him, indeed when Polonius warns against involvement with the prince, Ophelia is typically compliant, replying merely, I shall obey, my Lord. To Hamlet and the audience it may seem as if Ophelia is unloving and cruelly rejecting, but perhaps she does love Hamlet, but only as far as her childlike capacity allows, without the passion and conviction of a more mature, independent character. Ophelia confuses Hamlet. When he cries, Get thee to a nunnery, he perhaps cannot decide whether she is as chaste and virginal as she seems or in fact as whorish and sexually motivated as his mother. If she is what she seems, the world of lust, murder and incest is no place for her, but if she is like Gertrude, perhaps nunnery in its other sense, i. e. brothel, is a more appropriate place for her. Shakespeares creation of Ophelia as a weak and childlike character, with a distinct lack of heroism, is necessary. Shakespeare did not want to place great emphasis on the love story; if Hamlet had been madly in love with Ophelia, it might have interfered with the main storyline. She had to be a subordinate character, unequal to Hamlet in spirit or intelligence; otherwise she would have been more inspiring and able to help Hamlet. This is demonstrated when, under her fathers advice, she ends her blossoming relationship with Hamlet without question hardly the actions of a Cleopatra or a Portia.

Market Foods Corporation in Ecuador Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Market Foods Corporation in Ecuador - Essay Example Eating habits and approach to food will be different in Singapore and Ecuador and hence the Market Food Corporation must account for those things while formulating management strategies for Ecuador. Even the same service needs different management styles and marketing strategies in different countries in order to succeed because of the difference in the culture. Only those entrepreneurs who study these differences will succeed in their overseas projects. Product, Price, Placement, and Promotion (4P’s of business/marketing) must be taken into consideration by Market Foods in their proposed hawker stall operations in Ecuador. Right product, at the right time, in the right place, with right promotional activities will always be successful in the market and Market Foods Corporation must formulate a well thought out strategy for Ecuador based on the above assumption. Management structure is also important for the success of international business. Locals must be given priority in all the international activities because of their immense knowledge about h the local market and culture. Promotional activities and advertisements for hawker stalls in Ecuador also must focus on the Ecuadorian culture rather than the global culture. â€Å"As the world shrinks, so marketing opportunities expand. Radical advances in communication and transportation bring markets closer-the skill lies in identifying the areas of greatest potential profit, and developing global strategies that still function effectively in meeting local needs† (International marketing review) We are living in a world of Globalization and Liberalization which tries to visualize the whole world as one and to bring the whole people/countries under the roof of one umbrella. Globalization has opened the doors widely open for business community as they can market their